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The correct answer of this multiple choice question (mcq) is (c), as the Informal Communication (IC) takes place outside the limit of hierarchy / levels of management. For example, after breaks, the employees interact with each other, share ideas, talking about job-related issues and work experiences, etc., for friendship, social needs and coordination. Informal communication is otherwise known as grapevine communication as the information flows through unstructured, unofficial and unorganized organizational communication network which may be unreliable due to rumors and personal biasness. Characteristics of Informal Communication (i) Unofficial and unstructured way of communication among employees of the organization. (ii) Fast and efficient spread of information within the organization (iii) Unreliable communication network which may spread information based on rumors (iv) Not accountability on the organization for such flowing of information as it is not spread through official and ...

The answer is Formal Communication (FC), as it takes place between hierarchy / levels of management to perform work tasks in order to achieve organizational objectives & goals. It is used to share information, coordinate the activities, establishing networks, etc., in order to make effective flow of work activities of the organization. For example, employee informing to management about his availability for the upcoming project is a formal communication flowing upward from employee (bottom-level) to the management (top-level). Characteristics Of FC (i) Official flow of information between different levels of management. (ii) Well structured And Clear Writing Style in letters, reports, etc. (iii) Legal and reliable source of business information among people working in the organization. (iv) Spread in the organization as a lifeblood to achieve organizational objectives & goals.   Types of FC There are five (5) types  of communication flow in an organizatio...

This statement is false as Verbal Intonation (VI) is not limited to volume of voice but it also includes the tone and pitch of voice of the speaker. The speaker gives emphasis in his speech’s words to convey the meaning of message effectively to the target audience. For example, when manager says in his meeting with members In Shaa Allah, Surely, we meet tomorrow at 9:00 AM, then, he emphasis the importance of tomorrow meeting through intonation that we will try our best to reach at 9:00 AM for meeting if there is a Will of Allah (God). Advantages of Verbal Intonation Verbal intonation is a form of verbal communication and it has following advantages: 1. Successful Job Careers A person with lower-pitched voices in call center job tend to be more successful in making contacting, engaging and making sales than a higher-pitched voices. If an employee speaks more politely when dealing with customers such as in answering their questions and solving their problems, then the more he will conv...

It is " Information Overload (IO)" , which is one of the barriers to effective communication, and in such situation, the manager can’t understand all the messages received because the time is limited and he is unable to read and understand all the messages received during working hours. This also limits his processing capacity. An example of information overload occurs when a manager received too many messages received from customers, employees, etc., in his daily business life. Since the information is exceeded his capacity to process and understand the messages completely, so he is unable to make effective communication and as a result, he can’t make quality decision. Disadvantages of IO 1. Difficulty In Decision Making As the complete information of lots of messages can’t be obtained, so quality decisions can’t be made. There is uncertainty and lack of clarity to make effective decisions. This also makes Group or Team decision making process difficult to work to reach the ...

The correct option of multiple choice (mcq) is D), as before making any strategic decision, the manager (Mr. A) must conduct SWOT Analysis in which both external and external analysis are made to check the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of the organization. (i) Opportunities These are positive trends in the market which the organization should avail to compete in the market in order to gain sustainable competitive advantage over its new competitor. (ii) Threats Threats are negatives trends which can decline the business’s growth in the market such as the entry of new shoe company is a threat for existing shoe company in this scenario. (iii) Strengths These are resources and capabilities which the organization have better than its competitors. Here, the strengths of existing shoe company include high quality and premium brand prevailing in the market. (iv) Weaknesses Weaknesses are activities or resources which the organization is not doing well or poss...